Civil Recovery & Commercial Suits
Statutory frameworks, pecuniary thresholds, and procedural timelines for high-stakes commercial disputes, summary suits, and decree execution in India.
Suit Valuation & Limitation Calculator
Compute provisional Ad Valorem court fees based on the principal claim amount and track the strict statutory limitation period under the Limitation Act, 1963.
E.g., Date of breach, date invoice became due, or date of dishonor.
Order 37 CPC: Summary Suit Matrix
Order 37 provides a fast-track procedure bypassing standard trials. Use this matrix to check if a claim qualifies for summary judgment.
1. Is the claim for a specific, liquidated sum of money?
2. What is the basis of the claim?
Commercial Courts Act, 2015
Designed to expedite high-value business disputes, introducing strict timelines and mandatory protocols.
-
₹3 Lakh Threshold
To qualify as a commercial suit, the "specified value" of the subject matter must be ₹3,00,000 or higher.
-
Mandatory Mediation (Sec 12A)
Unless seeking urgent interim relief, exhausting pre-institution mediation via Legal Services Authority is legally mandatory before filing.
-
Statement of Truth
Pleadings must be verified by a strict affidavit (Statement of Truth), penalizing false claims severely.
Decree Enforcement (Order 21)
A decree is merely a declaration of rights; recovery depends entirely on Execution under Order 21 of the CPC.
- Attachment & Sale: Seizing movable/immovable assets of the Judgment Debtor.
- Garnishee Order: Directing third parties (like banks or employers) who owe money to the debtor to pay the court directly.
- Civil Imprisonment: Detaining the debtor in civil prison (subject to proof of means to pay and willful default).
Legal Advisory
For detailed statutory interpretation regarding recovery suits, drafting of commercial plaints, or execution proceedings.
Schedule Query (On Request)